Lindsey Straus Lindsey Straus   IN: Effects of Concussion and Repetitive Head Impacts   Tagged: , , , , ,  
  • Lindsey Straus

    Author: Lindsey Straus is an award-winning youth sports journalist, practicing attorney, and has been Senior Editor of SmartTeams since its launch as MomsTEAM in August 2000. She can be reached at lbartonstraus@MomsTEAM.com.

  • Lindsey Straus

Head Trauma Strongly Linked To Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy But Precise Relationship Not Yet Known

General sources:

McKee A, Cantu R, et. al. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy After Repetitive Head Injury. J Neuro Exp. Neurol  2009; 68(7): 709-735

Gavett B, Stern R, Cantu R, Nowinski C, McKee A. Mild traumatic brain injury: a risk factor for neurodegeneration.  Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy 2010; 2:18

Galetta KM, Barret J, Allen M, et. al. “The King-Devick test as a determinant of head trauma and concussion in boxers and MMA fighters.”Neurology 2011; Prepublished online February 2, 2011.

Daneshvar DH, Baugh CM, et. al. Helmets and Mouth Guards: The Role of Personal Equipment in Preventing Sports-Related Concussion.  Clin Sports Med 2011;30:145-163.

Footnotes:

1.  Lincoln A, Caswell S, Almquist J, Dunn R, Norris J, Hinton R. Trends in Concussion Incidence in High School Sports: A Prospective 11-Year Study. Am J Sports Med 2011;30(10) accessed January 31, 2011 @ http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/01/29/0363546510392326.full.pdf+html

2. Schatz P, Moser RS, Covassin T, Karpf.  Early Indicators of Enduring Symptoms in High School Athletes with Multiple Previous Concussions.  Neurosurgery (accepted for publication); 2011 at n. 3-5.

3. Stern R, Riley D, Daneshvar D, Nowinski C, Cantu R, McKee A. Long-term Consequences of Repetitive Brain Trauma: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.  Phys Med & Rehab. 2011;3;S460-S467. DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.08.008.

4. Boston University Center for Alzheimer’s Research. Selected CSTE Cases: Eighteen year old high school football player. 2010; http://www.bu.edu/cste/case-studies/18-year-old/ (Accessed March 2, 2011).

5. Talavage T, Nauman E, Breedlove E, et. al. Functionally-Detected Cognitive Impairment in High School Football Players Without Clinically-Diagnosed Concussion. J Neurotrauma. 2010; DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1512.

6. Crisco JJ, Fiore R, Beckwith JG, et al. Frequency and location of head impact exposures in individual collegiate football players.  J. Athl Train 2010;45:549-559.

7. Field M, Collins MW, Lovell MR, Maroon J. Does age play a role in recovery from sports related concussion? A comparison of high school and collegiate athletes.  J Pediatr. 2003;414:546-553.

8. Pullela R, Raber J, Pfankuch T. et al. Traumatic injury to the immature brain results in progressive neuronal loss, hyperactivity and delayed cognitive impairments.  Dev Neurosci 2006;28:396-409.

9. Kirkwood MW, Randolph C, Yeates KO. Sport-Related Concussion: A Call for Evidence and Perspective Amidst the Alarms.  Clin J Sport Med 2012;22(5):383-384.

10. Zuckerman SL, Solomon GS, Forbes JA, Haase RF, Sills AK, Lovell MR.  Response to acute concussive injury in soccer players: is gender a modifying factor?  J Neurosurg: Pediatrics 2012; DOI:10.3171/2012.8.PEDS12139 (published online ahead of print October 2, 2012)(accessed October 15, 2012).

11. Bazarian JJ, Zhu T, Blyth B, Borrino A, Zhong J.  Subject-specific changes in brain white matter in diffusion tensor imaging after sports-related concussion.  Magnetic Resources Imaging. 2012; 30(2): 171-180.

12. March N, Bazarian JJ, Puvenna V, Janigro M, Ghosh C, et. al. Consequences of Repeated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Football Players. PLoS ONE 2013;8(3): e56805. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056805.

13. McCrory P, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:250-258.

14. McKee A, et al. The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Brain 2012; doi:10.1093/brain/aws307 (published online ahead of print December 2, 2012)(accessed March 20, 2013).

15. D’Alessandro D, “Scientists claim that link between concussions and CTE is “unproven” could impact NFL lawsuits.” NewJersey.com (March 17, 2013)http://www.nj.com/ledger-dalessandro/index.ssf/2013/03/scientists_claim_that_link_between_concussions_and_cte_is_unproven_could_impact_nfl_lawsuits.html (accessed March 20, 2013).

16. Broglio SP, Martini D, Kasper L, Eckner JT, Kutcher JS.  Estimation of Head Impact Exposure in High School Football: Implications for Regulating Contact Practices.  Am J Sports Med 2013;20(10). DOI:10.1177/036354651302458 (epub September 3, 2013).

17. “League of Denial” Wrap Up and Reax, http://theconcussionblog.com/2013/10/09/league-of-denial-wrap-up-and-reax/ (accessed October 9, 2013).

19. Gardner A, Iverson G, McCrory P. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in sport: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. Published Online First: June 26, 2013. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092646.

20. Jordan BD. The clinical spectrum of sport-related traumatic brain injury.  Nat Rev Neurol 2013;9:227-30.

21. McKee AC, Stein TD, Nowinski CJ, et al. The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Brain. 2013;136:43-64.

22. McCrory P, Meeuwisse WH, Kutcher JS, Jordan BD, Gardner A.  What is the evidence for chronic concussion-related changes in retired athletes: behavioral, pathological and clinical outcomes? Br J Sports Med 2013;47:327-330.

23. Giza CC, Kutcher JS, Ashwal S, et al. Summary of evidence-based guideline update: Evaluation and management of concussion in sports: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2013 (epub before print Marchf 18, 2013); doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828d57dd.

24. Baillargeon A, Lassonde M, Leclerc S, Ellemberg D. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological assessment of sport concussion in children, adolescents and adults. Brain Injury 2012;26(3):211-220.

25. Howell D, Osternig L, Van Donkelaar P, Mayer U, Chou L.  Effects of Concussion on Attention and Executive Function in Adolescents.  Med Sci Sports Exer. 2013;45(6):1023-1029.

26. Randolph C, Karantzoulis S, Guskiewicz K. Prevalence and Characterization of Mild Cognitive Impairment of Retired National Football League Players. J Int’l Neuropschol Soc. 2013;19:1-8.

27. Broglio SP, Eckner JT, Paulson HL, Kutcher JS. Cognitive Decline and Aging: The Role of Concussive and Subconcussive Impacts.Exer. & Sports Sci Rev. 2012;40(3):138-144.

28. Loyola University Health System, News Release, “Study Casts Doubt on Theory that Retired NFL Players Suffer Unique Cognitive Disorder.” August 8, 2013 (accessed October 14, 2013 at http://www.newswise.com/articles/study-casts-doubt-on-theory-that-retired-nfl-players-suffer-unique-cognitive-disorder)

29. Shakespeare’s Hamlet, act III, scene II (accessed October 14, 2013 at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_lady_doth_protest_too_much,_methinks)

30. Randolph C, Kirkwood, M.W. What are the real risks of sport-related concussion, and are they modifiable? Journal of the
International Neuropsychological Society. 2009;15:512-520.

31. David Epstein. The Damage Done: While Concussive Hits Dominate the Debate, A Groundbreaking New Study Suggests That Minor Blows – And There Can Be Hundreds Each Game – Are Just As Traumatic. Sports Illustrated. November 1, 2010 (accessed October 14, 2013 at http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1176377/2/).

32.  http://regressing.deadspin.com/the-hidden-victims-of-the-nfls-concussion-crisis-1443101890/@kylenw?utm_campaign=socialflow_deadspin_twitter&utm_source=deadspin_twitter&utm_medium=socialflow

33. Savica R, Parisi JE, Wold LE, Josephs KA, Ahlskog JE.  High School Football and Risk of Neurodegeneration: A Community-Based Study.  Mayo Clin Proc 2012;87(14):335-340.

34. Shaunacy Ferro, “Does CTE, The Brain Disease Found In NFL Players, Really Exist?”; http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-08/does-cte-brain-disease-found-nfl-players-really-exist (accessed October 19, 2013)

35. Science Daily. “Study Casts Doubt On Theory That Retired NFL Players Suffer Unique Cognitive Disorder” (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130807204631.htm (accessed October 19, 2013)

36. Megan Brooks, Medscape.com. “Study Casts Doubt on CTE in Retired NFL Players” http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/809542 (October 19, 2013)

37. Study: NFL Players Are Not at Risk of CTE; http://concussionpolicyandthelaw.com/tag/cte/ (accessed October 19, 2013)

38. Jordan BD, et al. Head trauma and participation in contact sports as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1990;40:347.

39. Iverson GL. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and risk of suicide in former athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2013; doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092935 (epub October 31, 2013).

40. Wortzel HS, Brenner LA, Arciniegas DB.  Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Forensic Neuropsychiatric Perspective.  Behav. Sci. Law; 2013; doi:10.1002/bsl.2079 (epub on line).

41. Karantzoulis S, Randolph C. Modern Chronic Encephalopathy in Retired Athletes: What is the Evidence?  Neuropyschol Rev 2013; doi:10.1007/s11065-013-9243-4 (epub November 22, 2013)

42 Tator CH. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: How serious a sports problem is it?  Br J Sports Med. 2013; doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093040 (epub November 22, 2013).

43. McAllister TW, Ford JC, Flashman LA, et al. Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes. Neurology 2013; doi:10.1212/01.wnl.000438220.16190.

44. Robert Cantu and Mark Hyman, Concussions and Our Kids: America’s Leading Expert on How to Protect Young Athletes and Keep Sports Safe (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012), p. 103.

45. Davenport EM, Whitlow CT, Urban JE, et. al. Abnormal White Matter Integrity Related To Head Impact Exposure in a Season of High School Varsity Football. J Neurotrauma 2014;31:1617-1624.

46. Breedlove EL, Robinson M, Talavage TM, et al. Biomechanical correlates of symptomatic and asymptomatic neurophysiological impairment in high school football. J Biomech. 2012;45(7):1265-1272.

47.March N, Bazarian JJ, Puvenna V, Janigro M, Ghosh C, et. al. Consequences of Repeated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Football Players. PLoS ONE 2013;8(3): e56805. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056805.

48. McAllister TW, Ford JC, Flashman LA, et al. Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes. Neurology 2013; doi:10.1212/01.wnl.000438220.16190.

49. McAllister TW, Flashman LA, Maerlender A, Greenwald RM, Beckwith JG, et al. Cognitive effects of one season of head impacts in a cohort of collegiate contact sports athletes. Neurology 2012;78:1777-1784.

50. Koerte IK, E Hartl, Bouix S, Pasternak O, Kubicki M, Rausher A, Li D, et al. A prospective study of physician-observed concussion during a varsity university hockey season: white matter integrity in ice hockey players. Part 3 of 4. Neurosurgical Focus. 2012;33:E3.

51. Davenport EM, Whitlow CT, Urban JE, et. al. Abnormal White Matter Integrity Related To Head Impact Exposure in a Season of High School Varsity Football. J Neurotrauma 2014;31:1617-1624.

52. Bahrami N, Davenport E, Whitlow CT, et. al. Head Impacts and White Matter Changes in High School Football: A TBSS Analysis. (research paper). Radiological Society of America. December 1, 2014.

53. Reynolds BB, Patrie J, Henry EJ, Goodkin HP, Broshek DK, Wintermark M, Druzgal TJ. Practice type effects on head impact in collegiate football. J. Neurosurg. Published online August 4, 2015; DOI:10.3171/2015.5.JNS15573.

54. ‘Deviant brain metabolism’ found in high school football players. Purdue University News. August 19, 2015. (accessed at http://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2015/Q3/deviant-brain-metabolism…)

55. Breedlove KM, Breedlove EL, Robinson M, Poole VN, King JR, Rosenberger P, Nauman EA. Detecting neurocognitive & neurophysiological changes as a result of subconcussive blows in high school football athletes. Ath. Tr. & Sports Health Care. 2014;6(3):119-127.

56. Poole VN, Breedlove EL, Shenk TE, Abbas K, Robinson ME, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, Dydek U, Talavage TM. Sub-concussive HIt Characteristics Predict Deviant Brain Metabolism in Football Athletes. Developmental Neuropsychology 2015;40(1):12-17, DOI:10.1080/87565641.2014.984810.

57. Nauman EA, Breedlove KM, Breedlove EL, Talavage TM, Robinson ME, Leverenz LJ. Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed By ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football. Developmental Neuropsychology. 2015;40(2):85-91. doi:10.1080/87565641.2015.1016161.

58.Robinson ME, Shenk TE, Breedlove EL, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, Talavage TM. The Role of Location of Subconcussive Head Impacts in fMRI Brain Activation Change. Developmental Neuropsychology 2015;40(2): 74-79. doi:10.1080/87565641.2015.101224.

59. Shenk TE, Robinson ME, Svaldi DO, Abbas K, Breedlove KM, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, Talavage TM. fMRI of Visual Working Memory in High School Football Players. Developmental Neuropsychology 2015;40(2):63-68. doi:10.1080/87565641.2015.1014088.

60. Svaldi DO, Joshi C, Robinson ME, Shenk TE, Abbas K, Nauman EA, Leverenz LJ, Talavage TM. Cerebrovascular Reactivity Alterations in Asymptomatic High School Football Players. Developmental Neuropsychology 2015;40(2):80-84. doi:10.1080/87565641.2014.973959.

61. Abbas K, Shenk TE, Poole VN, Robinson ME, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, Talavage TM. Effects of Repetitive Sub-Concussive Brain Injury on the Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network in High School Football Athletes. Developmental Neuropsychology2015;40(1):51-56. doi:10.1080/875665641.2014.990455.

62. Chun IY, Mao X, Breedlove EL, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, Talavage TM. Detection of Longitudinal WM Abnormalities Due to Accumulated Head Impacts. Developmental Neuropsychology 2015;40(2):92-97. doi: 10.1080/87566541/2015.1020945.

63.  Reynolds BB, Patrie J, Henry EJ, Goodkin HP, Broshek DK, Wintermark M, Druzgal TJ. Practice type effects on head impact in collegiate football. J Neurosurg. Published online August 4, 2015; DOI:10.3171/2015.5.JNS15573.

64. Bazarian JJ, Zhu T, Zhong J, et al. Persistent, Long-term Cerebral White Matter Changes after Sports-Related Repetitive Head Impacts. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(4):e94734.

65. Stamm JM, Bourlas AM, Baugh CM, Fritts NG. Daneshvar D, Martin BM, McLean MD, Tripodis Y, Stern RA. Age of First Exposure to Football and Later-Life Cognitive Impairment in Former NFL Players. Neurology. published online before print January 28, 2015, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.

66. Stamm JM, Koerte IK, Muehlman M, et al. Age of First Exposure to Football is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players. J Neurotrauma. published online ahead of print, July 22, 2015; doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3822.

67.Asplund CA, Best TM. Brain damage in American Football Inevitable consequence or avoidable risk? Br J Sports Med 2015;49:1015-1016.

68. Maroon JC, Winkleman R, Bost J, et al. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in sports; a systematic review of all reported pathalogical cases.  PLoS One 2015;10:e1117338.

69. Report from the First NIH Consensus Conference to Define the Neuopathological Criteria for the Diagnosis of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.(http://www.ninds.nih.gov/research/tbi/ReportFirstNIHConsensusConference.htmhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/research/tbi/ReportFirstNIHConsensusConference.htm)

70. “Football and the Brain” CBS News, Sixty Minutes. November 15, 2015 (last accessed November 16, 2015 at http://www.cbsnews.com/news/football-and-the-brain-nfl-60-minutes/

71. Solomon GS, Kuhn AW, Zuckerman SL, Casson IR, Viano DC, Lovell MR, Sills AK.  Participation in Pre-High School Football and Neurological, Neuroradiological, and Neuropsychological Findings in Later Life: A Study of 45 Retired National Football League Players.  Am J Sports Med. 2016;10(10)(epublished February 17, 2016 as doi:10.1177/036354651526164)

72. Broglio SP, Williams RM, O’Connor KL, Goldstick J. Football Players’ Head Impact Exposure After Limiting of Full-Contact Practices. J Ath Tr. 2016;51(7):000 (e-published ahead of print July 2016)

73. Iverson GL, Suicide and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. JNP in Advance. 2016; doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.1507172.

74. Andrikopoulos J. Youth football and late-life cognitive impairment [Response to: Stamm JM, Bourlas AP, Baugh CM, et al. Age of first exposure to football and later-life cognitive impairment in former NFL players.]. Neurology. 2015. Available at: http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2015/01/28/WNL.0000000000001358.abstract/reply#neurology_el_63464. Accessed May 5, 2015.

75. Larrabee GJ, Rohling ML, Binder LM. Cognitive deficits may predate early entry into football [Response to: Stamm JM, Bourlas AP, Baugh CM, et al. Age of first exposure to football and later-life cognitive impairment in former NFL players.]. Neurology. 2015. Available at: http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2015/01/28/WNL.0000000000001358.abstract/reply#neurology_el_63483http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2015/01/28/WNL.0000000000001358.abstract/reply#neurology_el_63464.

76. Maroon JC, Bailes J, Collins M, Lovell MR, Mathyseek C. Rebuttal to ‘‘Age of first exposure to football and later-life cognitive impairment in former NFL players.’’ Neurology. 2015. Available at: http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2015/01/28/WNL.000000000000 1358.abstract/reply#neurology_el_63483.

 

Originally posted on MomsTEAM.com on February 8, 2011. Last updated on MomsTEAM on November 16, 2015. Updated and revised for Concussions.smart-teams.org on September 4, 2016.

Related Articles

“Back in the Game”: A Concussion Book That Stands Out In a Crowded Field

Sports Concussion Research, CTE, and The Media: Can The Disconnect Ever Be Repaired?

 

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Show Buttons
Hide Buttons